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Spiders

Latin Name:

Class Arachnida

Appearance:

Spiders also have eight legs (insects have six), no antennae, and their eyes are single lenses rather than compound eyes. They have pedipalps (or just palps), at the base of which are coxae or maxillae next to their mouth that aid in ingesting food; the ends of the palp are modified in adult males into elaborate and often species-specific structures used for mating. Since they don't have any antennae, they are using specialised and sensitive hairs on their legs to pick up scent, sounds, vibrations and air currents.

Habit:

Some spiders like moisture and are found in basements, crawl spaces and other damp parts of buildings. Others like dry, warm areas such as subfloor air vents, upper corners of rooms and attics. Hide in dark areas.

Diet:

Feed on insects.

Reproduction:

Spiders reproduce by means of eggs, which are packed into silk bundles called egg sacs. Spiders often use elaborate mating rituals (especially in the visually advanced jumping spiders) to allow conspecifics to identify each other and to allow the male to approach close enough to inseminate the female without triggering a predatory response. If the approach signals are exchanged correctly, the male spider must (in most cases) make a timely departure after mating to escape before the female's normal predatory instincts return.

Other:

Dangerous spiders in the United States include widow spiders, brown recluse spiders, hobo spiders, and yellow sac spiders. Sanitation is the best control measure.

Origins:

True spiders (thin-waisted arachnids) evolved about 400 million years ago, and were among the first species to live on land. They are distinguished by abdominal segmentation and silk producing spinnerets. The first known fossil spider, Attercopus fimbriungus, lived 380 million years ago during the Devonian. Attercopus is placed as sister-taxon to all living spiders, on the basis of characters of the spinneret and the arrangement of the patella­tibia joint of the walking legs.

Not Really Spiders:

* Camel spider, not actually a spider at all, but rather a solifugid (also commonly called sun-spiders or wind-scorpions). Very well known as the source of many urban legends (no venom)
* Daddy long-legs or harvestman, a member of the order Opiliones. These round-bodied arachnids have only two eyes and their heads are fused to their bodies. However, the name "daddy long-legs" is sometimes used to refer to cellar spiders, which have a similar leg shape; these are true spiders but not dangerous.