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Mosquitoes

Latin Name:: Order Diptera
Appearance:: Distinctive from flies because of their long "stinger" and scales on the back and veins of their wings.
Habit:: Found from the tropics to the arctic. Reliant on a water source.
Diet:: Adult female is the only stage that feeds on blood. The females require protein for egg development, and since the normal mosquito diet consists of nectar and fruit juice, which has no protein, most must drink blood to get the necessary protein.
Reproduction:: Larvae and pupae live in water, preferably still waters.
Other:: Mosquitos are principally nectar feeders with only the females requiring a meal of blood. In contrast to this rule the Toxorhynchites never drinks blood. This family includes the largest of the extant mosquitoes (colloquially referred to as "mosquito eaters") and their larvae are predatory on the larvae of other mosquitoes. Attempts have been made in the past to use these as mosquito control agents but with variable success. Encephalitis spread by mosquitoes continues to be a problem in the United States. Mosquitoes in flight emit a distinctive high-pitched buzz, which can interrupt sleep.
Origins:: Mosquitoes are believed to have evolved around 170 million years ago during the Jurassic era (206�135 million years ago) with the earliest known fossils from the Cretaceous era (144�65 million years ago). They evolved in the land mass that is now South America, spreading initially to the northern continent Laurasia and re-entering the tropics from the north. Ancestral mosquitoes were about three times the size of the existant species and they are a sister group to the Chaoboridae (biting midges).